Višnja gora castle was the seat of Counts of Višnja gora whose origin was in the lineage of Askvin, countess Hemma
and counts of Plain by which a large alodial estate in Lower Carniola was inherited. In the 12th century its lord was
Majnhalm of Višnja gora (1132-1165), brother of lords of Styria Pris and Plains and is for the first time named after the
castle in 1152. Two years later, in 1154 also the castle is explicitly mentioned as castello Wichselberg. Then
the document was issued on the castle where Majnhard of Šumberk ceded some estates to monastery of Vetrinj (Viktring.
Alodial estate of lords of Višnja gora was all the way to Krka on its western and southern side where it bordered to estate
of Babonič family from Croatia and around 1200 count Albreht has even reached over Gorjanci and merged the whole area of
present day Bela Krajina to his alodial estate and protected it with his fortification Mehovo. In the second half of 12th century
noblemen of Višnja gora are mentioned many times but their lineage has already died out with the generation which has succeeded
Albreht. Their heirs were counts of Andechs, Babenberg and later Spanheims which also managed their estates by ministerials like
lords of Višnja gora before and are also well represented in preserved documents from the start. They disappear from public in
the last quarter of 12th century and are as castellans replaced by lower ranking knights. Greater part of Višnja gora-Andechs
estate was gained by Frederic II., duke of Styria, by a marriage to a Agnes, daughter of Oto, duke of Merania in 1230 and was in
his posession until his death in 1246. Later duke of Carinthia, Ulrik of Spanheim took over the estate by mariiage to Frederic's
widow. In a document dating to 1250 we can find out that Ulrik of Spanheim, who took over greater part of Višnja gora-Andechs
estate after Babenbergs, has settled with Bertold of Andechs, patriarch of Aquilea. He handed over all requested castles along
with Višnja gora which was occupied from 1251 by government vicar count Majnhard of Gorica. The castle remained in Spanheim family
managed by castellans. Duke Filip namely did not mention the castle in his will from 1279 but it was listed in estate census
of Carinthian duke in 1311. In the middle of 14th century it was subdued by Habsburgs but it was in the hands of counts of Cilli
before 1386 who sold it to counts of Ortenburg that year and when they died out the castle became a property of provincial prince.
From 16th century on some noble families were on the castle. In 1573 archduke Karl sold the dominion to Jurij count Khisl and after
its owners were Moscons and finally Auerspergs in 1631. They have abandoned the castle in 18th century and left it to its decay.
Castle explorer Otto Piper has visited the castle in the beginning of 20th century. He mentioned that the castle is, as most of
castles in Slovenia, pillaged for most of its stone masonry. The ruins have not changed much according to his description but
it is evident from his sketch that the ruin has lost some of its stones in these hundred years.
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Literature: |
Stopar, Ivan, Dr.: "Grajske stavbe v osrednji Sloveniji - III. Dolenjska (Porečje Temenice in Mirne), Viharnik, Ljubljana, 2002, ISBN 961-6057-34-0
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Following the path leading on southeastern slope of a castle hill
we arrive at the place where we look at the remains of the tower
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Castle entrance with peeled out portal which was most likely masoned from stone
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Beginning of the portal arc
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View of entrance from inside
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Leaning on the entrance on the west side a long narrow wall, part of
former building
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View of castle tower partially hidden by western wall of ruined object
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Path from the east leading to the tower entrance
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Portal(?) in the northern wall
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North wall
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Gothic window profile chisled from sandstone
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Profiled window frame in west tower wall
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View through the window in eastern wall
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Corner stones from limestone tuff
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Inside of the tower (compare with Piper's sketch)
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View of residential tower (keep) from north
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Northern slope where also leads a path to the castle
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View of Višnja gora settlement
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Johannes Clobucciarich, castle from north, around 1603 (Gradec, National archive of Styria)
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Johannes Clobucciarich, castle from south, around 1603 (Gradec, National archive of Styria)
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Otto Piper, drawing of palatium of Višnja gora castle; Oesterreichische Burgen VIII, Wien 1910
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Castle and town on copper engraving in Valvasor's Topographia of duchy of Carniola, 1679
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